Let Them Eat Fat Essays - Obesity, Bariatrics, Body Shape

Unique The article ?Let Them Eat Fat? by Greg Crister begins presenting a tale about a kid in a clinic whose body is choking in its own fat, or so this is the manner in which they portray it. This kid had two stomach stapling?s that fell to pieces. The writer of this article was blasted by the realities of a little fellow fundamentally kicking the bucket of corpulence. In America corpulence is spreading along with despondency, coronary illness, and malignant growth. It is viewed as the same to dangerous illnesses. One fifth of Americans are viewed as fat. On the off chance that corpulence is disregarded by clinical experts, soon practically all American will be overweight. Kids and youthful grown-ups are progressively inclined to getting overweight; the vast majority of them as of now are. ?This is a pestilence in the U.S. any semblance of which we have not had before in interminable sickness.? (Dietz, William) Many drive-through eateries are concocting answers for focus on the most defenseless of clients. That is, poor downtown shoppers. McDonalds and numerous other drive-through eatery have offers, for example, supersizing suppers which twofold or triple in calories and starches, for just a couple of pennies more. The aftereffect of this lone prompts wellbeing concerns which incorporate the endocrine framework. Worries about diabetes, kidney harm, and heart issues which can in the end lead to a stroke, are brought into thought. America has gotten less dynamic and is presently presented to incredible quantities of developing cheap food businesses. Corpulence is by all accounts focusing on youngsters, and is generally normal in low salary families. It is a difficult that must not be overlooked. Stoutness in kids prompts high quantities of medical issues, and if not rewarded can be lethal. With everything taken into account, the inquiry is raised ?What has society come to, and would we be able to improve heftiness rates Obesity has been uncovered, presently the arrangement lies in our grasp.

People’s Attitude Towards Abortion in Australia

People’s mentality towards premature birth in Australia Abstract: The theory, â€Å"It is obvious that in Australia individuals are not strong of fetus removal. † would be tried in the report. Its point was to uncover the present perspectives on individuals in Australia towards fetus removal, in light of the current situation of various age and social foundation. A poll about legitimized reasons, authorization and qualities on premature birth was built and the objective gathering would be 20 worldwide understudies and 20 nearby Australians. The universal understudies were principally Chinese, and a couple from South-East Asia. In spite of the fact that most members didn't have an extremely solid position of supporting fetus removal or not, when there were further inquiries regarding Pro-decision conduct and sanctioning of premature birth, it was found that members were entirely regard of opportunity of decision, and concurred that fetus removal ought to be legitimized. In this manner one might say that looking at the 2 sides, members were somewhat steady to premature birth. In view of the outcomes, expanded investigates covering a bigger objective gathering which could for the most part speak to various social gatherings could be directed to test whether premature birth was actually commonly adequate or not or would it be able to be authorized under all cases. Presentation Abortion had been a questionable issue for many years, conversations and discussions were constantly held to contend whether it ought to or ought not be pronounced lawful. This issue was essential at unequaled in light of the fact that the demeanor towards it were for the most part impacted by different significant estimations of life like profound quality, human rights and opportunity of decision, including that they were the key variables to decide if it ought to be pronounced lawful. â€Å"Abortion can be characterized as the ejection or expulsion of an undeveloped organism or baby from the uterus of the pregnant mother† (Blade, 2008). It could be separated into two kinds. To begin with, the â€Å"spontaneous abortion† happens when the mother’s body launches the embryo because of various reasons, generally normal ones (without human exertion). This report concentrated on another kind of fetus removal, â€Å"induced abortion†. This was what individuals typically mean when they utilize the word premature birth. At the end of the day, it was the â€Å"termination of pregnancy†. After the Federation in 1901, fetus removal was taken care of by the British Offenses Against the Person Act of 1861. In the demonstration, premature birth was unlawful , regardless of under what conditions. Nonetheless, from that point forward, premature birth would be legitimate sometimes under the law. For example, Natasha,(1998), recommended that under the McGuire administering (1986) in Queensland, fetus removal must be legitimized when the mother was in danger that premature birth could safeguard her life or wellbeing. Another case that fetus removal could be authorized was that if the infant would kick the bucket promptly or inside a brief period. For the present enactment about it in Queensland under the Queensland Criminal Code, the perspective stayed comparable that the court would restrict fetus removal except if the moms life or wellbeing is in harm's way. However, it didn't uncover any reaction on the difference in perspectives of individuals towards fetus removal. The point of the report was to uncover the present perspectives on individuals in Australia towards fetus removal, the situation being what it is of various age and social background(international understudies versus nearby Australians). It gave the idea that these days an ever increasing number of individuals were steady to fetus removal. This view would be bolstered by the outcomes from overview and afterward a conversation some portion of it would be incorporated and finally the end and suggestion would be figured. Approach: Questionnaires about the perspectives of fetus removal of individuals were utilized to gather information for the report. A subjective procedure was utilized. The explanation behind picking it was on the grounds that the report concentrated more on profundity, as opposed to amount. As per the Family Health International (2005), a subjective research gave data about the â€Å"human† side of an issue, which was frequently opposing. It could likewise decipher the perplexing reality or make a superior comprehension to a particular circumstance and the ramifications of the subjective information. Another significant point was that it could help recognize impalpable elements (age, sex, nationality, religion, and so on) in the report. These elements were the keys that impact a person’s mentality toward the issue. The accentuation of the survey was to comprehend participant’s points of view possibly in support of fetus removal, along these lines 10 out of 14 inquiries were about their sentiment, the rest were 3 trait questions and 1 information question. The complete number of members was 40. There were inside and out 20 worldwide understudies concentrating in Australia and 20 nearby Australians finished the poll. Among the members, 23 of them were female and 17 were male. In the understudy gathering, 2 of them were under or beneath 18 and 18 were at 19 years old to 30. Among the neighborhood Australians, 6 of them were between 31-45 and another 14 were 45 or above. A point to note was that for the worldwide understudies, 15 of them were Chinese. To ensure the data would be left well enough alone, no inquiries were about character or other private data. The polls were given out in two different ways. The primary path was to appropriate them at school and at homes, and another route was to disperse them through the web. Members were very intrigued to the poll as they imagined that it was a disputable issue. Anyway all the while, members discovered mistook for the last open-cut off inquiry regarding the association between culture, age and fetus removal as it was not required to state reasons however lines were given. Also, because of an absence of time in finishing the poll, I. e. in 5 or 10 minutes, the information gathered may be contorted. Results: The motivation behind the poll was to discover the mentalities of individuals in Australia towards premature birth. Questions were separated into 3 primary classes: advocated explanations behind fetus removal, authorization of premature birth and perspectives and incentive towards premature birth. For the defended explanations behind premature birth, a sum of 8 decisions were given to members and they could pick more than one answers, including: 1. mental reasons e. g. opposing sudden difference in life 2. monetary reasons e. g. money related weight of bringing up kids 3. undesirable children e. g. pregnant in botch 4. brought about by assaults 5. unready for obligation 6. as issues with relationship or needs to dodge single parenthood 7. mother has medical issues 8. has effectively all the youngsters she needed or all kids are developed From the survey, members imagined that the most defended purposes behind premature birth were â€Å"economic reasons† and â€Å"pregnancies brought about by rapes†, them two make 62. 5% of the aggregate. The following would be â€Å"unready for resp onsibility† (35%), â€Å"unwanted babies† (32. 5%), â€Å"mother has wellbeing problems† (30%), â€Å"problem for relationship or needs to maintain a strategic distance from single parenthood† (22. 5%), â€Å"psychological reasons† (12. %) and the least advocated reason would be â€Å"has as of now youngsters she needed or all kids are grown† (10%). For another class, authorization of fetus removal, there was an open-finished inquiry posing to the members around one upsides and downsides of premature birth. For the stars, there were a few principle thoughts. To begin with, individuals imagined that after sanctioning of premature birth, dangers could be decreased as individuals no longer discover specialists with no permit to prematurely end. Also, it would a regard to opportunity of selection of individuals. Thirdly, there would be less youngsters experienced childhood in a flimsy domain. For the cons, individuals additionally got comparative thoughts, for example, premature birth was against the regard of life, I. e. murdering guiltless life. Additionally, individuals could be increasingly flighty as they could prematurely end legitimately. For the last classification, perspectives and qualities towards fetus removal, 6 inquiries were raised. Dominant parts accepted that premature birth was turning out to be normal these days (25% unequivocally concur, half concur). For the inquiry concerning whether the people’s sees towards premature birth was changing, greater piece of them concur with the announcement (20%strongly concur, 40% concur) purchase a lot of individuals looked after impartial (32. %). For the inquiry â€Å" it is barbaric and ought to be banned†, the 2 sides were nearly adjusted (5% firmly concur, 32. 5% concur versus 7. 5%strongly differ and 37. 5% deviate), around 17. 5% individuals decided to be unbiased. In the topic of opportunity of decision, it was very uneven that it ought to be exceptionally regarded (40% for both firmly concur or concur, signifying 80%). Inquiring as to whether it was worthy in all cases, difference (20% firmly dissent, 42. 5% dissent) was more than understanding (32. 5% concur). However, a considerable amount of individuals imagined that they would have various perspectives upon premature birth in various cases (35% unequivocally concur, 32. 5% concur). For the last open-cut off inquiry regarding the association between age, culture and perspectives towards fetus removal, the fundamental thoughts of the members were that matured individuals, I. e. age gathering of 45 or above, would be progressively preservationist and in this manner have a negative view upon premature birth. In addition, they believed that individuals with various culture, especially â€Å"westerners† in the Chinese’s eyes, would be progressively open and acknowledge the possibility of fetus removal. Conversation and end: The point of the report was to uncover the present perspectives on individuals in Australia towards premature birth, in light of the current situation of various age and social foundation (global understudies versus nearby Australians). From the outcomes, we could see that numerous members didn't have an extremely solid position of supporting premature birth or not, just a couple do. For example, about 70% of the members concurred that they would have various perspectives upon premature birth in various cases. The most â€Å"justified† case

Blog Archive Mission Admission I Have No Supervisor!

Blog Archive Mission Admission I Have No Supervisor! Mission Admission is a series of MBA admission tips; a new  one  is posted  each Tuesday. “I am self-employed.” “I am a vice-president in a family business.” “I am a freelancer.” “I am a contract consultant.” If you can describe your professional situation using any of these statementsâ€"or something very similarâ€"you may very well be thinking (and worrying), “I have no supervisor! Who is going to write my recommendations?!” Before we address this problem, let us first remind you that MBA admissions committees have indeed seen it all. Your situation is most likely not unique, so you do not need to fret. Let’s consider the example of the family-business vice-president and add a detailâ€"that the family business is in manufacturing. This hypothetical MBA candidate could contact one of the companys long-standing clients or suppliers, who may be able to write about the applicant’s integrity, growth, sense of humor, determination  and more, all in relation to other comparable individuals. If these constituents were not able to offer adequate feedback, however, the MBA candidate might instead ask the head of a trade association or possibly even a respected competitor to write on his/her behalf. If the applicant really needed to get creative, he/she might even consider asking a service provider; for example, getting a letter of reference from an architectural firm that collaborated with the candidate to build a new manufacturing facility could be an interesting solution. In short, most MBA candidates have more potential recommenders to choose among than they realize.  Keep looking and try not to get discouragedâ€"someone out there knows you well and can write objectively on your behalf. Share ThisTweet Mission Admission

Download and Install Visual C# 2008 Express Edition

Congressional Committees and Healthcare Policy Essay

Congressional Committees and Healthcare Policy (Chapter Review) An important point made in Weissert and Weissert concerning Congress and its committee structure is that the majority of the work in Congress is done through committees. They perform the majority of research on issues and possible solutions, get legislation written, re-written and amended, and support it as it moves through Congress and finally gets passed. They are the â€Å"workhorses of the legislature† (Weissert and Weissert, 29). The breadth of information on any given issue that has to be assimilated, analyzed and formed into a bill that can be passed by the two chambers of Congress is complex, and lawmakers cannot realistically apply significant time and attention to†¦show more content†¦Cabinet officers often spend a lot of time testifying before committees (Weissert and Weissert, 30). Committees are responsible for oversight of federal agencies, and while this is described as â€Å"complicated†¦tedious,† (Weissert and Weissert, 61) and seems to be a mostly a passive process, an example was cited where at least one committee member was more active. Representative John Dingell was essentially accused of â€Å"bullying federal agencies† (Weissert and Weissert, 61) when he was chair of the House Energy and Commerce Committee, due to his apparent micro-management style. House committee investigations of presidential behavior, while becoming less common, are other areas where committ ees have influence outside of Congress (Weissert and Weissert, 61). Another example given is investigation by the House Judiciary Committee of the sentences handed down by federal judges thought to be too â€Å"soft† (Weissert and Weissert, 78). A third point made by Weissert and Weissert is that the power, effectiveness and popularity of Congressional committees can be influenced and weakened. When party leadership is stronger, the power of committees is lessened. Party leaders can find ways to get their petShow MoreRelatedComparing the Emplementation and Scrutinizing of Proposed Bills in the House of Commons and Congress1337 Words   |  6 Pagesmembers). Congress has profited from a division of labour through the creation of Congressional Committees. These Committees are where the real decisions are made. So that it is not far from the truth to say that Congress in session is Congress on public exhibition; whilst Congress in its committee-rooms is Congress at work. - Woodrow Wilson . A $1.7 trillion annual budget and congressional decentralization through the committee system allows lawmakers to specialize and makeRead MoreKey Elements Of The Policymaking Process816 Words   |  4 Pages(in theory) ensure their interests are fairly represented in legislation. It likewise determines policies on matters of taxes, debts, provisions for the general welfare, regulation of commerce, and more, in numerous areas of American society, including healthcare (of course). Regarding healthcare policy making, in specific, Congress may form a number of committees to focus on particular healthcare-related issues, such as the Finance Committe’s Subcommittee on Health Care, or the Subcommittee onRead MoreEssay about The Policy Process1585 Words   |  7 PagesThe Policy Process: Part I LaSantae Drew HCS/455 May 20, 2013 The policy process is an ongoing event according to Kronenfeld (1997). When a policy is formulated there are two major parts; agenda setting and development of legislation. 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Civil Liberties And Civil Rights - 1947 Words

The purpose of this paper is to review and analyze chapters 13 and 14, Civil Liberties and Civil Rights, in the eighth edition textbook, American Government, by Cal Jillson. Chapter 13, Civil Liberties, discusses the origins of the Bill of Rights, Freedom of Expressions, Freedom of Religion, and other topics. First, each chapter, individually, will be introduced before reviewing and analyzing each topic within the chapter. There will be a switch from an objective point to a subjective point once I begin to review and analyze each topic. After reviewing and analyzing the topics of Chapter 13, I will do the same for Chapter 14. Chapter 14, Civil Rights, topics include: Affirmative Actions, Affirmative Actions in the Workplace, Affirmative†¦show more content†¦Two of the twelve failed to win approval from the three-fourth vote of state legislatures. After an intensifying three years, the ten amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, were approved and in effect specifically on De cember 15,1791. Famous cases like Barron v. Baltimore in 1833 and Adamson v. California in 1947, challenged the Bill of Rights in determining if human rights were protected against all forms of government. Making amendments to the constitution was one of the greatest political movements we could’ve ever had. Without the Bill of Rights, most of the rights we have today would not exist. We would have a more tyrannical government and not a democracy. Observing the communist nations and other superior forms of government in areas such as Angola, has given me an understanding of how our own government would be if it wasn’t for the Bill of Rights. Ultimately, there would be no polity, only a one single party rule. Freedom of Expression was influential in political participation. With Freedom of Expression, citizens were able to openly agree and disagree with policies and programs created by the government. However, people such as the press, society’s leaders, and publ ic officials were less likely to do so due to their large role and for fear of being criticized. The problem that arose then was that the political leaders often suppressed unpopular minority opinions. This meant that the minority was usually not supported largely in the government andShow MoreRelatedCivil Liberties And Civil Rights1081 Words   |  5 Pages1 McGahey 3 Megan McGahey Sherry Sharifian GOVT 2305 71430 20 September 2017 Civil Liberties vs. Civil Rights In the U.S. most use the terms Civil Liberties and Civil Rights interchangeably; although they both protect the freedom of citizens they do this in different ways. 2 Civil Liberties are limitations placed on the government. These are things the government is restricted to do, by the constitution. 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Applied Principle of Responsible Business Practice Management

Question: 1.What should you say to whom, when and how? 2.What are the main arguments you are trying to counter? 3.What is at stake for the key parties (including those who disagree with you)? 4.What levers or arguments could you use to influence those with whom you disagree? 5.What is the most powerful and persuasive response to the reasons and rationalizations you need to address? Answer: From the provided case study, three major roles or character shave been identified. The first character is Viraj, a civil service office in India. The second character is the Minister of minister in charge of the affairs of the cooperative. The third character is the Owner of the machine company who has contacted minister to get the tender. The provided five questions will be answered from the perspective of all these three characters. The answers are shown below: Viraj: In this current situation, Viraj is facing an ethical dilemma that should he accept the proposal of the minister or not. In this situation, he should talk to his close friends or any other person whom he trusts about the incident. Viraj should tell him/her about the incident and seek advice about what needs to be done in this kind of situation. Additionally, he can consult the matter with one of his seniors in the organization. Minister: In this particular situation, the cooperative minister needs to talk with two persons. The first person is the owner of the machine company who wants to bag the tender. The minister needs to tell him that whatever he is demanding is against the business ethics. After that, the minister needs to talk with Viraj about the proposal and he should apologize to Viraj for the unethical demand from himself sand from the behalf of the owner of the machine company. The Owner of the Machine Company: In this situation, the owner of the company needs to talk to the cooperative minister about the tender. He needs to apologize to the minister for involving him in the wrong way to get the tender. It is expected from all the businesspersons to be ethical in the business. Hence, he should get the tender with the help of most competitive prices. Viraj: In the case of Viraj, the most important argument is the ethical dilemma. In the conversation with the cooperative minister, Viraj will try to counter the minister with the unethical side of the deal that the minister is trying to crack. In this process, Viraj needs to show the minister the negative effects of the deal on the government and on the sugar factory. In addition, Viraj needs to show the effect of the deal on his personal and professional life. In this way, Viraj will try to win the argument with the minister. Minister: The minister will make a conversation with the owner of the machine company about the deal. The main point of argument will be the ethical consideration of the proposed tender. The minister needs to make the owner of the company that the propose deal is not as per the ethics of business. The Owner of the Machine Company: In the conversation with the minister, the main argument of the owner of the company will be the profit that he can earn from the deal. He will emphasize more on the aspect of earning money than to follow ethics in the business, as his main motive is to earn more money. Viraj: In this case, many parties are involved in this deal from the side of Viraj. In case the deal is cracked, the affected sides will be the sugar company and the other contractor. It may happen that the quality of the machine is not good. Hence, company will suffer. On the other hand, there are two parties that can disagree with Viraj and they are the minister and the owner of the machine company. They can disagree as the failure of the deal can lead to the loss of money to them. Minister: In case of the minister, a large amount of money is involved with the deal. In case of the completion of the deal, the miniature will get a large amount of money owner of the company. In this case, the minister has financial interest involved with the progress of the deal. Hence, the financial interest is at stake for the minister. The Owner of the Machine Company: In case of the owner of the company, the financial interest is at stake. In case of the completion of the deal, the owner will be able to get the tender and with the help of this tender, he will be able to earn a significant amount of money. Viraj: In case of Viraj, he has many arguments for the persons who disagree with them. The main twp parties that can disagree with Viraj are the minister and the owner of the company. Viraj needs to make the minister understand the negative effect of the deal on the sugar company and all the people involved with the company like the employees, farmers and others. The cooperative minister needs to understand that this is a wrong way to crack a business deal. In this case, the ethical side of the business will be compromised. Minister: The cooperative minister has strong arguments. First, with the help of this deal, the minister will be able to earn a significant amount of money. Second, in case the minister is able to help the owner to get the tender, it will help in the election for the minister. With the help of these two reasons, the minister will be able to make the argument. The Owner of the Machine Company: The main point of argument for the owner of the company is the financial income. With the help of this tender, the owner of the company will be able to earn a huge amount of revenue and profit. With the help of this reason, the owner of the company can make the argument. Viraj: In case of Viraj, the most powerful response he needs to address is the money factors. With the help of this particular deal, all the three parties that are Viraj, cooperative minister and the owner of the company will be able to earn a significant amount of money. Hence, Viraj needs to provide some concrete reasons for the rejection of this deal that the minister and the owner of the company cannot ignore. Minister: In case of the cooperative minister, the most powerful response to the argument of Viraj will be the money factor as well as the election factor. With the help of this deal, the minister will be able to make money and win the election. This deal will help the minister to win the trust of the owner and for this reason, he can get good amount of vote in the election. Thus, these are the main reasons of argument for the minister. The Owner of the Machine Company: Almost same as the minister, the major reason of argument for the owner of the company is the money factor. In case he is able to crack the deal, he will be able to earn a significant amount of money and profit from this project. With the help of this reason, he can crack the argument. Group Analysis The group analysis of the three characters is shown below: What should you say to whom, when and how? As per the above discussion, Viraj will talk to any of his close friends or relatives or any of the senior officers of the company about his dilemma. The minister will talk to both Viraj and the owner of the machine company. Lastly, the owner of the machine company will talk to the minister. What are the main arguments you are trying to counter? What are the reasons and rationalizations you need to address? Virajs topic of argument is the ethical consideration of the deals and the affected parties by the deal. The ministers and the owners pointy of argument is the money involved with the deal. What is at stake for the key parties (including those who disagree with you)? In case of Viraj, the company, employees, farmer and business ethics are on stake for the deal. In case of the minister, the amount of money and the election is at stake. For the owner, the revenue and profit is at stake. What levers or arguments could you use to influence those with whom you disagree? In case of Viraj, the main level of argument is the ethical consideration of the business. In case of both the minister and the owner is the amount of money they can earn from the tender. What is the most powerful and persuasive response to the reasons and rationalizations you need to address? To whom should the arguments be made? When and in what context? For Viraj, the most persuasive response is the ethical consideration. In case of both the minister and the owner, the most powerful responsive is the money factor. RolePlay Script The role-play involves all the three characters; they are Viraj, the cooperative minister and the owner of the machine company. The script of the role-play is given below: A meeting is organized among all the three characters. The details of the meeting are as follows: Viraj to the Minister: The main agenda of the meeting is to discuses on the tender for the new machine for the sugar company. As per the provided notice, the company with most competitive price will win the tender and will be able to work on the project. In this situation, it will not be possible to accept your offer. Minister to Viraj: I can understand your concern the company; but with the help of this deal, well all three will be able to earn a lot of money. This deal will be beneficial for all of us. Owner of the company to both Viraj and the Minister: It will not be a bad deal for the company as we are also offering the best competitive price and the products of our company are of superior quality. I am just asking for a favour from you. You help me win the tender and I will ensure that you get your shares. Viraj to the Minister and the Owner of the company: I understand both of your concerns; but I strongly feel that we should consider the ethical side of business in this regard. From this also, we all will be beneficial in the long-term basis. References Blowfield, M., Murray, A. (2014).Corporate responsibility. Oxford University Press. Child, J. (2015).Organization: contemporary principles and practice. John Wiley Sons. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Fooks, G., Gilmore, A., Collin, J., Holden, C., Lee, K. (2013). The limits of corporate social responsibility: techniques of neutralization, stakeholder management and political CSR.Journal of Business Ethics,112(2), 283-299. Heal, G. (2012).When principles pay: corporate social responsibility and the bottom line. Columbia University Press. Leipziger, D. (2015).The corporate responsibility code book. Greenleaf Publishing. Low, K. C., Ang, S. L. (2012). Confucian leadership and corporate social responsibility (CSR), the way forward. Plaisance, P. L. (2013).Media ethics: Key principles for responsible practice. Sage Publications. Post, J., Preston, L. (2012).Private management and public policy: The principle of public responsibility. Stanford University Press. Weiss, J. W. (2014).Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Acid Dissociation Constant Essay Example

Acid Dissociation Constant Essay Using spectrophotometric method: determine the wavelengths at which the acid and base forms of the dye in aqueous medium exhibit maximum absorption; determine the molar absorptivities of the acid and base forms of the dye and estimate an unknown concentration of the dye in solution using the Beer-Lambert’s Law; and determine the acid dissociation constant of the indicator dye. THEORY The absorption or reflection of certain wavelengths of light account for observed colors such as the rainbow or the blue sky. Color intensity can be associated with increasing concentration of a substance responsible for absorbing or reflecting light. Thus, if a substance appears colored when dissolved in solution, colorimetric methods (techniques used to determine concentration of a substance by analysis of its inherent color), such as spectrophotometry, can be used to determine quantitatively the amount of the substance dissolved in solution. It is found empirically that the amount of light absorbed by a specific sample depends on three items: (1) the concentration of the solution; (2) the distance travelled by the light through the sample; and (3) the natural ability of the specific substance to absorb light. The previous statement is also known as the Beer’s Law: A = Є b c(6-1) where A is the absorbance, Є is the molar absorptivity (how well the material absorbs light), b is the path length (through which the light passes), and c is the solution concentration. We will write a custom essay sample on Acid Dissociation Constant specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Acid Dissociation Constant specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Acid Dissociation Constant specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In typical spectrophotometric techniques, it is generally perceived that the value of b remains the same by using the same sample cell holder (cuvette). Accordingly, the value for Є is constant for a specific chemical species at a given wavelength. In this experiment, indicator dyes are good candidates for analysis, in that, these substances give varied colors when subjected to different pH environments. Indicators dyes are compounds that are essentially weak acids (or bases) that exhibit different colors at various pH levels. The color exhibited by the aqueous solution of the dye is dependent simply whether the dye is present largely in its acidic form (HIn) or its basic form (In–). Such property of dyes in aqueous media affords the use of spectrophotometric methods to relate absorbance data to the relative amounts of the acid and base forms of the dye in buffered solutions. The dissociation of an acid dye in aqueous solution can be represented as HIn + H2O H3O+ + In– (6-2) (color 1) (color 2) here HIn and In– are the acid and conjugate forms of the dye, respectively. If the pH of the solution containing the indicator dye changes, the equilibrium shown in equation (6 – 1) will be driven either towards more reactants (more HIn) or more products (more In–). This results in a color change that depends on the concentration of each dye form present. For instance, in a strongly acidic solution, the equilibrium is shifted to the left and thus the indicator will be present in th e HIn form, exhibiting a color that corresponds to that of HIn. Conversely, in a strongly basic solution, the equilibrium is shifted to the right resulting in a color characteristic of the In– form. Appropriately, at an intermediate pH value, a color which is primarily a combination of colors 1 and 2 results, where the tinge depends largely on the relative amounts of the dye forms present. Considering the mass action expression for the reaction depicted in (6-2) Ka=H3O+In-HIn (6-3) The previous equation can be transformed in such a way that introduces pH in the equation pKa=pH-logIn-HIn (6-4) Equation (6-4) is commonly known as the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Employing both Beer’s Law and the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation allows the analysis of a solution that contains two colored species, in this case, the acid and base forms of the indicator dye. The ratio [In–]/[HIn] at different pH values and at constant total dye concentration may be investigated using spectrophotometric methods through absorbance measurements. This technique involves the following: (a) Determination of the wavelengths ? HIn and ? In- at which the acid and base forms of the dye exhibit maximum absorption. (b) Determination of the absorptivities of both acid and base forms of the dye at ? HIn and ? In- using Beer’s Law. (c) Measurement of the absorbances of buffered solutions of the dye at ? HIn and ? In-. The buffered solutions can be taken to be mixtures of two independently absorbing species, HIn and In–, and hence, the absorbances are simply additive sums of the absorbances due to HIn and In–. This relationship is an extension of the Beer’s Law known as the Beer-Lambert’s Law, which can be interpreted in the subsequent equations: A=A? HIn+A? In- (6-5) A? HIn=a? HIn,HIn*HIn+a? HIn,In-*In-(6-6) A? In-=a? In-,HIn*HIn+a? In-,In-*In- (6-7) where A? HIn and A? In- are the absorbances of the dye solution at ? HIn and ? In-, respectively; and a? HIn,HIn , a? HIn,In- , a? In-,HIn , a? In-,In- are the absorptivities of HIn and In– at the wavelengths, ? HIn and ? In-, correspondingly. MATERIALS spectrophotometerindicator dyes (0. 08 g/L in 20% ethanol) pH meter0. 05 M and 0. 01 M HCl analytical balance0. 05 M and 0. 01 M borax (Na2B4O7†¢10H2O) solution 100 mL volumetric flasksbuffers solutions pipettesunknown sample PROCEDURE I. Spectra of the Acid and Base Forms of the Dye A. Preparation of Dye Solutions 1. Obtain the assigned dye solution from your laboratory instructor. . Prepare the acidic solution of your dye: a. Place 10 mL of 0. 05M HCl in a 100-mL volumetric flask. b. Add 10 mL of the dye to the HCl in the volumetric flask. c. Dilute to volume with distilled water. d. Mix well and set aside. 3. Prepare the basic solution of your dye using 0. 05M borax solution. B. Determination of the Wavelength of Maximum Absorbance (? max) 1. Measure the absorbances of the solutions prepared in Part A at 20-nm intervals within the 340 – 625 nm wavelength range. 2. Make measurements at smaller intervals within the vicinity of the wavelength of maximum absorption. . Record all data properly. 4. Identify the ? HIn and the ? In-. Important reminders: a. Zero (100% transmittance) the spectrophotometer against the blank every time a new wavelength of incident light is set. b. The blank should consist of the solvent including all the reagents other than the specific absorbant being analyzed. c. Wash the sample cuvette very thoroughly. Make sure to wash it with small portions of the test liquid prior to every measurement. d. Ensure that the optically clear faces of the cuvette are free from finger marks, stains ore drops of liquids. . Strive to keep the cuvette on the same position each time it is used. II. Determination of Molar Absorptivities A. Preparation of Dilute Solutions 1. Take 10, 25, and 40 mL aliquots of t he acidic solution prepared in Part IA and put into separate 50 mL volumetric flasks. 2. Dilute each solution to mark using 0. 01M HCl. 3. Repeat step 1 with the basic solution this time using 0. 01M borax solution for dilution. 4. Label the flasks. B. Absorbance Measurements at the (? max) 1. Measure the absorbances of the six solutions at the wavelengths of maximum absorption, ? HIn and the ? In-, which were determined in Part 1B. 2. Record all data properly. III. Determination of the pKa A. Preparation of Solutions at Various pH Levels 1. Prepare five solutions at various pH values but with constant total dye concentration by following the succeeding steps. 2. For each solution to be prepared, obtain 10 mL of the original dye solution and place into a 100 mL volumetric flask. 3. Dilute to the mark with the buffer solution. NOTES: e. The buffer system to be used should consist of a weak acid or weak base whose pKa value is within  ± 0. 0 unit of the desired pH value. f. The four pH values chosen should fall within the transformation range of the dye. g. Select the appropriate buffer for this range of pH values. B. Absorbance and pH Measurements 1. Measure the absorbances (at ? HIn and the ? In-) of each of the buffered solutions prepared in Part IIIA. 2. Determine the actual pH of the five solutions using a pH meter. 3. Record all data. Figure 6. 1. Sample absorption spectra of an indicator dye in (A) acidic solution, (B) basic solution, and (C) solution at intermediate pH. DATA ANALYSIS 4. Prepare a plot of the absorbance of the acid solutions against the wavelengths of maximum absorption, ? HIn and the ? In-. (See Figure 6. 1) Do the same for the basic solutions. 5. Overlay the plots and locate the isosbestic point. (Refer to Figure 6. 2) 6. Plot the absorbance against concentration of the dye in the basic and acidic solutions at ? HIn and the ? In-. 7. Using Beer-Lambert’s Law, derive the values of the absorptivities of the acid and base forms at the two wavelengths from the graphs obtained in #3. You should be able to derive four values: a? HIn,HIn (absorptivity of the acid form, HIn, at the ? HIn) a? HIn,In- (absorptivity of the base form, In–, at the ? HIn) a? In-,HIn (absorptivity of the acid form, HIn, at the ? In-) a? In-,In- (absorptivity of the base form, In–, at the ? In-) 8. Calculate the concentrations of the acid and base forms of the dye in the various buffered solutions using equations (6-6) and (6-7). 9. Use Henderson-Hasselbalch equation (6-4) to calculate the pKa of the dye. Determine the average pKa value. You might need to do regression analysis. Figure 6. 2. Plot of absorbance as a function of pH for an indicator dye. The isosbestic point is where the absorbance plot of the measurements made at ? HIn (I) crosses that of absorbance plot of the measurements made at ? In-(II). POSTLAB QUESTIONS 5. Discuss the principle behind the operation of a simple spectrophotometer. Use diagrams when deemed appropriate. 6. What are the assumptions and limitations of Beer’s Law? 7. What is the significance of the isosbestic point? REFERENCES BRAUN, R. D. 1982. Introduction to Chemical Analysis, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. BASSETT, J. et al. 1981. Vogels’s Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, 4th ed. New York: Longman. DANIELS, F. et al. 1970. Experimental Physical Chemistry, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. ALBERTY, R. A. and R. J. Silbey. 1992. Physical Chemistry, New York: John Wiley Sons, Inc. APPENDIX If bromothymol blue (3,3- dibromo-thymolsulfonephthalein) is the dye to be used in the experiment, the following information is important: * At pH less than 6, the indicator is yellow and at pH greater than 7. , the indicator is blue. At an intermediate pH, the blue and yellow combine to yield a green solution. * The absorbance of a pH 6. 85 bromothymol blue solution was 0. 7333 at 430 nm and 0. 5690 at 555 nm. * The minimum absorbance at 430 nm was 0. 1320, and the minimum absorbance at 555 nm was 0. 0210. * The absorbance of a pH 1 solution of the same concentration of bromothymol blue was 1. 097 at 430 nm and the absor bance of a pH 13 solution of the same concentration of bromothymol blue was 1. 4280 at 555 nm.

Ancient Flutes, Evidence of Prehistoric Music Making

Ancient Flutes, Evidence of Prehistoric Music Making Ancient flutes made of animal bone or carved from mammoth (extinct elephant) ivory are among the earliest examples of the use of ancient music- and one of the key recognized measures of behavioral modernity for modern human beings. The earliest forms of ancient flutes were made to be played like a modern recorder, that is held vertically. They were most often constructed from the hollow bones of animals, particularly bird wing bones. Bird bones are extremely well-suited for making flutes, as they are already hollow, thin and strong, so that they may be perforated without too much danger of fracturing. Later forms, carved from mammoth ivory, involve a greater grasp of the technology, including carving out the tubular form into two pieces and then fitting the pieces together with some adhesive, perhaps bitumen. Oldest Possible Ancient Flute The oldest possible bone flute discovered to date comes from a Middle Paleolithic site in Slovenia, the Divje Babe I site, a Neanderthal occupation site with Mousterian artifacts. The flute came from a stratigraphic level dated to 43,000 /- 700 RCYBP, and it was made on a juvenile cave bear femur. The Divje Babe I flute, if thats what it is, has two roughly circular holes punctured into it, and three more damaged potential holes. The layer has other gnawed cave bear bones, and some detailed scholarly research into the bones taphonomy- that is to say, the wear and markings on the bone- lead some scholars to conclude that this flute likely resulted from carnivore gnawing. Hohle Fels Flutes The Swabian Jura is an area in Germany where ivory figurines and debris from their production have been identified in numbers from the Upper Paleolithic levels. Three sites- Hohle Fels, Vogelherd, and Geißenklà ¶sterle- have produced flute fragments, all dated between about 30,000-40,000 years ago. In 2008, one nearly complete flute and two other flute fragments were discovered at the Hohle Fels Upper Paleolithic site, located in the Swabian Jura. The longest of these was made on the wing bone of a griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus). Discovered in 12 pieces and reassembled, the bone measures 21.8 centimeters (8.6 inches) long and about 8 millimeters (~1/3 of an inch) in diameter. The Hohle Fels flute has five finger holes and the blowing end has been deeply notched. Two other fragmented flutes found at Hohle Fels are made of ivory. The longest fragment is 11.7 mm (.46 in) in length, and oval (4.2x1.7 mm, or .17x.07 in) in cross-section; the other is 21.1 mm (.83 in) and also oval (7.6 mm x 2.5 mm, or .3x.1 in) in cross-section. Other Flutes Two other sites from the Swabian Jura in Germany have produced ancient flutes. Two flutes- one bird bone and one made up of ivory fragments- have been recovered from the Aurignacian levels of the Vogelherd site. The Geißenklà ¶sterle site excavations have recovered three more flutes, one from a swans wing bone, one from a possible swan wing bone, and one from mammoth ivory. A total of 22 bone flutes have been identified at the Isturitz site in the French Pyrenees, most from later Upper Paleolithic proveniences, circa 20,000 years bp. The Jiahu site, a Neolithic Peiligang culture site in China dating between ca. 7000 and 6000 BC, contained several bone flutes. Sources Taphonomy of a suggested MChase PG, and Nowell A. 1998. Paleolithic bone flute from Slovenia.iddle Current Anthropology 39(4):549-553.Conard NJ, Malina M, and Munzel SC. 2009. New flutes document the earliest musical tradition in southwestern Germany. Nature 460(7256):737-740.Fitch WT. 2006. The biology and evolution of music: A comparative perspective. Cognition 100(1):173-215.Higham T, Basell L, Jacobi R, Wood R, Ramsey CB, and Conard NJ. 2012. Testing models for the beginnings of the Aurignacian and the advent of figurative art and music: The radiocarbon chronology of Geissenklosterle. Journal of Human Evolution(0).King S, and Snchez Santiago G. 2011. Soundscapes of the Everyday in Ancient Oaxaca, Mexico. Archaeologies 7(2):387-422.Morley I. 2006. Mousterian musicianship? the case of the Divje Babe I Bone. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 25(4): 317-333.Pettitt PB. 2008. Art and the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition in Europe: Comments on the archaeological arguments for an ear ly Upper Paleolithic antiquity of the Grotte Chauvet art. Journal of Human Evolution 55(5):908-917. Yang X-Y, Kadereit A, Wagner GA, Wagner I, and Zhang J-Z. 2005. TL and IRSL dating of Jiahu relics and sediments: clue of 7th millennium BC civilization in central China. Journal of Archaeological Science 32(7):1045-1051.

The Bonus Army Invades Washington Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Bonus Army Invades Washington - Essay Example However, the occurrence of the Great Depression caused massive rise in the costs of living that compelled the now poor veterans to organize a march to Washington to press the Congress to sanction early payment in a march by fifteen thousand veterans known as the â€Å"Bonus Expeditionary Force† (â€Å"The Bonus Army†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). According to Eyewitness to History, the veterans set up ramshackle camps using waste materials such as iron and wood in the city of Washington with the largest camp housing about ten thousand members. The veterans waited without success for the U.S. Congress to take a decisive action about their payment but on June 17, the United States Senate vetoed the bill that would have effectively entitled the Bonus Expeditionary Force to payment at an instant. Without any other place to go to or means to take care of themselves, a majority of the veterans continued with their camp in the city of Washington despite the fact that the Congress was no longer sit ting having adjourned for its summer recess. Later, President Hoover ordered the army to remove the veterans from their camps by use of force, which was carried out by a cavalry commanded by General MacArthur who chased away the veterans and burnt down their ramshackle. This is the upsetting story McLean tells of the Bonus Army marching on Washington to press for early payment of their bonus that would have been due in 1945, which the Congress had declined to. While the government had not been sympathetic to the veteran’s complaints, the Police Chief Glasssford a former First World War General and now the superintendent of the police in Washington was sympathetic to the hungry veterans even bringing them coffee. McLean on the other hand brought the cold and hungry veterans bread sandwiches and cigarettes to keep them warm and feed those that she could see. In an encounter with the commander of the Bonus Army going by the name Walters, McLeash was informed of the dire needs of the veterans who were now starving and posed unknown consequences to the city of Washington. Moreover, McLeash called the Vice-President of the United States Curtis to inform him of the predicament the veterans faced that is of hunger and lack of money to take care of themselves and the dangers they might pose to the residents of the city. The Vice-President informed the narrator McLeash that he would summon a secret meeting of the Senate and would send a delegation to prevail upon them to pass the Howell bill that would effectively authorize payments of the bonuses to the veterans allowing them to go back to their homes (â€Å"The Bonus Army†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). This was not to be as the veterans were sent away from their dwellings by the army and their camps set on fire rendering them homeless. Work Cited "The Bonus Army Invades Washington, D.C., 1932," EyeWitness to History n.d. 17 June 2013

The Opposite Sex by Steven Doloff Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Opposite Sex by Steven Doloff - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the article â€Å"The Opposite Sex†, written by Steven Doloff, appeared in the Washington Post on January 13, 1983. The theme of the article was how society associated sexist stereotypes to the males and females genders, so much so that the two genders could not place themselves in the shoes of the other gender. Truly speaking, the sexist self-images of both the genders have limited their thoughts regarding the other gender. They can imagine the other gender’s roles but are not ready to adopt them. Women are slightly flexible in that they are open about men’s roles in society, and are ready to accept them. Why this perception arose, goes back to the history of feminism, which has motivated women to come out of their stereotypic personalities, and stands at an equal status as men. The reverse is not possible, nor will men let it happen. They are obnoxious toward reverse gender roles. Gender roles are society driven, and not God-has gave, and this is the main difference between sex and gender. This paper intends to interpret Steven Doloff’s article in terms of gender roles and stereotypes associated with each gender. The main focus of the paper will be on Doloff’s line, which he writes at the end of his essay, that today’s youth is â€Å"burdened with sexist stereotypes and sexist self-images†.... writing right-away, with whatever came in their minds; while, the boys went into imagination, and had a hard time sequencing their thoughts and putting them in black and white. It was not that girls were smarter than boys, nor was it a matter of intellect or energy. It was the way both the genders perceived each other. Girls seemed to be keen about the topic at hand; while, boys seemed to be unenthusiastic as if somebody had put them off by asking them to imagine themselves in the shoes of the other gender. Girls wrote more, and the boys wrote less. Doloff’s female s tudents wrote enthusiastically out of â€Å"envy of men's physical and social privileges and curiosity regarding man’s true feelings concerning women†; while â€Å"the male students tended to wait a while (in several cases half the period), in something of a daze, before starting†. It seemed like girls had been thinking about the topic all their lives, and they finally got a chance to express their thoughts out in front of the world. On the other hand, boys seemed to be dull, not being able to concentrate on how they might spend a day like a female. When we throw a look upon some instances of the writings of both the genders, we come to know how they perceived the other gender, and how our thesis statement, that we gave in the beginning of the paper, formed. Sexism, chauvinism, bigotry, gender stereotypes- we can give many names to the essence of Doloff’s students’ writings. Doloff found out that most of the girls wrote about enjoying being a male, staying out of the house until late night, looking for dates, having fun with sports, and enjoying sexual experiences.

The Pearl by John Steinbeck Essay Example for Free

The Pearl by John Steinbeck Essay This Essay will discuss the use of symbols in the novel The Pearl by John Steinbeck. In this novel there are many themes explored. These include the destructiveness of greed, how love can give someone great courage and strength, knowledge is power, but a power which can be abused, and how a dream is good until it starts to destroy the things of value in a person’s life. The destructiveness of greed is shown when the doctor comes to Kinos house and heals Coyotito after Kino has found The Pearl. When Coyotito had been bitten by the scorpion, his father and mother take Kino to the doctor in order to get a treatment. But the doctor refuses to heal Coyotito because Kino is poor. Later On, after Kino owns the pearl, the doctor automatically comes to Kinos house and offers a treatment for Coyotito. After he treats Coyotito, he pretends that he does not know that Kino has found a pearl and asks Kino about the medical expenses. You have a pearl? A good pearl? The doctor asks with curiosity. The reality is that the doctor cares more about Kinos pearl more than giving people treatments. The doctor does this because he values materialistic things more than he cares about others. Although the doctor has a lot of money and he has an abundance of everything he needs and wants in his life, he still wants more and his is dissatisfied. Obviously, the greed had already controlled the doctors mind and the way he acts towards people. Another example of the destructiveness of greed is seen in Kino As Kino tried to find a way to gain wealth and status through the pearl. During this, Kino transforms from a happy, comfortable father to an unhappy criminal. In this quick transition Kino displays the way the ambition of success and greed can destroy innocence. Kino’s desire to gain wealth changes the way we see the pearl. When we first visualize the pearl we see it as a natural beauty and good luck. As the story continues we start seeing it as a symbol of human destruction. Therefore, Kino’s greed leads him to behave violently towards his wife and it also leads to his son’s death. During his mission he loses sight of his cultural traditions and his society. His dreams start to destroy him. This leads the theme of how a dream is good, until it begins to destroy the things of value in a person’s life. Because Kino believes The Pearl will help him achieve all the dreams he has in store for his son Coyotito Kino does not want to give up the pearl. Juana, who is smart enough to figure out that the pearl is going to cause trouble, asks Kino to throw the pearl away multiple times. And even tries to get rid of it herself. Juana says, This pearl is evil. This pearl is like a sin. It will destroy us all! † Even though Juana warns Kino that the pearl will bring great misfortunes to the family and asks him to throw the pearl away, Kino decides not to listen or take the advice his wife is giving because Kinos mind is already overtaken by his dreams he wishes of achieving with The Pearl. He is blinded by the dream of: Juana and Coyotito and himself standing and kneeling at the high alter in the new white clothes holding a Winchester carbine and ‘’Coyotito sitting at a little desk in a school. It is now clear to us that he is slowly starting to become greedy and that his selfish thoughts are suddenly starting to control his actions and what he says. After Kino has found the pearl of the world, everyone is eager to own it and they all begin to start thinking of their own dreams and what they can achieve if they had a pearl like Kino’s, Every man suddenly becomes related to Kino, and Kinos pearl [goes] into the dreams, the schemes mans enemy. And so, the narrator says, For it is said humans are never satisfied, that you give them one thing and they want something more. In the scene where people try to steal Kinos pearl after the pearl is found, they do whatever they can possibly do in order to steal the pearl. Jealousy has grown in the heart of these people and jealousy has turned them into greedy, selfish people. But in the end Kino was only trying to help his family. This relates to the theme of how love can give someone great courage and strength. Kino loves Juana and Coyotito and he wishes to provide them a luxurious and comfortable life style. Through Juanas character we can see the she was chosen to be shown as an â€Å"iron lady† figure. Being a decent wife and the woman behind his man, Juana chose to remain quiet on their long mission. She shares the joy and sorrow with Kino and Coyotito. When Kino acts offensively towards her, she quietly bears the emotional and physical pain she’s being put through. She pledges her loyalty and faithfulness to Kino and her son Coyotito. Her love for Coyotito gave her courage to suck out the venom from her sons shoulder when he was bitten by the scorpion. When Kino is ready to set off to the ocean, Juana insists in following him because she wants to prepare poultice. The traditional cure made of seaweeds. Compared to Kino, her idea of family love is far safer than Kinos ideas of family values. But Kino’s lack of knowledge stops him from being able to provide a luxurious lifestyle for his family. This is linked to the theme of how knowledge is power. Kino believed that if he could afford to give Coyotito an education, Coyotito would move up in social status and he and Juana’s lives would have improved also. â€Å"And my son will make numbers and these things will make us free because he will know-he will know and through him we will know,† Because of his simple lifestyle and their lower social status in life Kino felt powerless against the doctor. Because of his status Kino could not question the doctor’s procedures or his motives. â€Å"Kino felt the rage and hate melting towards fear. He did not know, and perhaps this doctor did. And he could not take the chance of pitting his certain ignorance against this man’s possible knowledge,† Kino knew that if he had a higher social status he wouldn’t have been manipulated. In conclusion there are many symbols in this novel. The symbols are shown through the use of different themes. The symbols help us to realize the main idea of this novel; that materialistic things can change a civilized man.

The Role of Women in the Caholic Church :: essays research papers

Role of Women in the Roman Catholic Church   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women in the Catholic Church take on many roles, from parishioner to laywoman to nuns. Women parishioners help prepare for the mass. They can be lectors, choir members, CCD instructors, etc. Laywomen â€Å"†¦are the Catholic women traditionally permitted certain ministerial responsibilities (Wessinger, 244).† They work in churches, schools, prisons, etc. Nuns dedicate their lives to religious devotion. They take three vows; poverty, chasity, and obedience. They are to live simple lifestyles. They live their lives teaching others and helping others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1995, at the Fourth World Conference on Women, in Beijing, the pope stated: â€Å"Today I appeal to the whole Church community to be willing to foster feminine participation in every way in its internal life. This is certainly not a new commitment, since it is inspired by the example of Christ himself†¦.nevertheless, he also involved women in the cause of his kingdom; indeed he wanted them to be the first witnesses and heralds of his resurrection. In fact, there are many women who have distinguished themselves in the Church’s history by their holiness and hardworking ingenuity.† The pope also stated that the feminine presence could be seen through, â€Å"†¦theological teaching, the forms of liturgical ministry permitted, including service at the alter, pastoral and administrative councils†¦Ã¢â‚¬  A year later, according to a research project, The Notre Dame Study of Catholic Parish Life, many women have assumed parish responsibilities. â€Å"†¦The following percentages of ministerial activities done by women reveal: alter preparation 85 percent, teaching 80 percent, social caring and justice ministries 85 percent, parish council leadership 52 percent (Wessinger, 246).†. Church practice is - to a large extent - women's practice. Without the unpaid cooperation of women, important pastoral activities would stop. A fair number of women choose to give their time and efforts to the church, rather than take paid employment. Many times these women are over looked.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many questions as to why women can not become priests. Women can not receive the Sacrament of Orders and cannot fulfill the function of ministerial priest hood. The Catechism of the Catholic Church states, â€Å"Only a baptized man validly receives the sacred ordination.

Corrosion is a natural process

Materials corrode due to the deterioration caused by its interaction with its environment. It is the process in which metallic atoms form compound in the presence of water and gases. (Machinery's Handbook 29th edition, â€Å"Corrosion is an irreversible interracial reaction of a material (metal, 2013) ceramic, polymer) with its environment which results in its consumption or dissolution into the material of a component of the environment. Often, but not necessarily, corrosion results in effects detrimental to the usage of the material considered.Exclusively physical or mechanical processes such as melting and evaporation, abrasion or mechanical fracture are not included in the term corrosion. â€Å"( Advances in Corrosion Engineering Lecture 1, 2013) Corrosion and erosion is two different things. Corrosion can't be caused by physical causes unlike erosion, galling or wear. Chemical attack accompanies physical deterioration as described by the terms: corrosion erosion, corrosive wea r, fretting corrosion. Plastics may swell or crack , wood may split or decay, granite may erode, Portland cement may leach away.But the term corrosion is presently restricted to chemical attack of metals. Rusting is only applied to the corrosion of iron or iron base alloys with formation of corrosion products consisting largely of hydrous ferric oxides. Nonferrous metals, therefore, corrode but do not rust. (Corrosion and Corrosion control, 2013) There are three significant reasons of studying corrosion. The first area of significance is economic which includes the objective of reducing material losses resulting from the corrosion of piping, tanks, metal components of machines, ships, bridges, marine structures and so on.The second area is improved safety of operating equipment which may be hindered by corrosion and will lead to dictatorship consequences. The last significance is conservation, applied primarily to metal resources which is limited in this world, and the wastage of th em includes corresponding losses of energy and water reserves associated with the production and fabrication of metal structures. The least important reason is the accompanying conservation of human effort entering the design and rebuilding of corroded metal equipment, otherwise available for socially useful purposes. Corrosion and Corrosion There are five facts in the process of corrosion formation. First, ions are involved and need a medium to move in (usually water). Second, oxygen is involved and needs to be supplied. Third, the metal has to be willing to give up electrons to start the process. Fourth, A new material is formed and this may react again or could be protective of the original metal . Fifth, A series of simple steps are involved and a driving force is needed to achieve them. The most important fact is that interfering with the steps allows the corrosion reaction to be stopped or slowed to a manageable rate. Beginners Guide to Corrosion , 2003) There are two basic ty pes of corrosion namely uniform and localized corrosion. Uniform corrosion occurs veer the majority of the surface of a metal at a steady and often predictable rate. Although it is unsightly its predictability facilitates easy control, the most basic method being to make the material thick enough to function for the lifetime of the component. Localized corrosion can deal a more severe damage than uniform surprisingly short period of use or exposure.There are thirteen types of localized corrosion namely galvanic corrosion, pitting corrosion, selective attack, stray current corrosion, microbial corrosion, intracellular corrosion, concentration cell corrosion, harmonically corrosion, corrosion caused by combined action, corrosion fatigue, fretting corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, and hydrogen damage. (Beginners Guide Cost of corrosion and its control experienced by one pulp to Corrosion, 2003) and paper company was estimated to be 20 million dollars annually.The United States alon e have total combined losses of corrosion estimated conservatively to be about 70 billion dollars annually, or 4. 2% of the gross national product . It has been estimated that about 15% of this total could be avoided if currently available corrosion technology were effectively applied. Studies of the cost of corrosion to Australia, Great Britain, Japan, and other countries have also been carried out. In each country studied, the cost of corrosion is approximately 3-4% of the GNP. Corrosion and Corrosion Control, 2013) Indirect losses are more difficult to assess, but a brief survey of typical losses of this kind compels the conclusion that they also cost several billion of dollars. Indirect losses are divided into five which are shutdown, loss of product, loss of efficiency, contamination of product, overdressing. The shutdown of corroded equipments can cost a lot while repairs is underway. Loss of products occur through corroded pipe systems until repairs are made.

Argumentative Essay On Human Euthanasia - 1433 Words

Human Euthanasia It is a shared understanding that human life must be valued under any circumstance, and it should not be terminated for whatever reasons unless it is a natural occurrence. The value and respect for human life were behind the debate against â€Å"the death row† in many states and countries around the world. In addition, religion places high value in human life, basing on the claim that it is a sin to end one’s life. However, there have been instances where ending the life of another person is the best alternative, especially in medical cases. The idea brought the emergence of euthanasia, where Math and Chaturvedi (2012) explain it as a Greek word that means â€Å"good death.† The purpose of good death is to assist a patient who will†¦show more content†¦Math and Chaturvedi (2012) observe that a common claim on euthanasia is the idea that most patients with chronic illnesses do not want to be a burden to their loved ones. In such instances, the patients co me to consider it as the best alternative. It is regarded as an honor to the â€Å"right of living† through accepting the â€Å"right to die† (Math Chartuvedi, 2012). A CNN report by Ben Tinker claims that in the state of California, one hundred and eleven people died under the right to die law. According to Tinker (2017), the End of Life Option Act took effect on 9th June 2016. It provided that individuals starting from the age of eighteen had the right to request medication that was life-ending from their doctors. The circumstances of such requests were only when the patient was suffering from a terminal illness, and they decided to have a death timetable. As Tinker (2017) reports, the Act enabled two hundred and fifty-eight persons to initiate the process. Such significant figures indicate that people find it okay to end their lives rather than suffer in the struggle to remain alive. It is argued that in doing so, the people preserve their dignity and may even die a â€Å"happy death†, as they know they had to choose how they died. BBC (2014) presented arguments against euthanasia and classified it as ethical, practical, and religious. The moral argument was based on the sanctity of life. It presented that by allowing the society to practice euthanasia, it was an approach toShow MoreRelatedShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?977 Words   |  4 PagesArgumentative Essay: Euthanasia Euthanasia is acknowledged as the practice of intentionally ending a life which liberates an individual from an incurable illness or unbearable misery. Euthanasia is known as mercy killing, perceived as an easy and painless death. Euthanasia is done from the request of a dying patient or that person’s legal representative. This is known as Voluntary Euthanasia. Not undertaking something to prevent or avoid someone’s death is recognised as passive or negative EuthanasiaRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Killing And Letting Die1401 Words   |  6 PagesArgumentative Essay # 1: Killing and Letting Die According to James Rachels in his highly acclaimed article The End of Life, Rachels argues that killing and letting die are morally equivalent. My objective within this essay is to highlight and illuminate Rachel’s key points within the The End of Life, which leads him to this particular conclusion. While doing so I will highlight the main objection to Rachels argument, and illuminate my own objections to further prove that Rachels position isRead MoreEssay on Euthanasia Needs to be a Legal Option1376 Words   |  6 PagesEuthanasia Needs to be a Legal Option    Warren Hauser is dying. Should the Supreme Court decide that terminally ill Americans have a constitutional right to commit suicide with a doctors help, he would qualify. 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And is it safe? †¢ Smoking Should be Banned †¢ The internet – the best thing since the invention of the television. †¢ Breast feedingRead MoreFor Against by L.G. Alexander31987 Words   |  128 PagesBy the same author SIXTY STEPS TO PRECIS POETRY AND PROSE APPRECIATION ESSAY AND LEITER ·WRITING A FIRST BOOK IN COMPREHENSION PRECIS AND COMPOSITION ras CARTERS OF GREENWOOD (Cineloops) DETECTIVES FROM SCOTLAND YARD (Longman Structural Readers, Stage 1) CAR THIEVES [Longman Structural Readers, Stage 1) WORTH A FORTUNE [Longman Structural Readers, Stage 2) APRIL FOOLS DAY [Longman Structural Readers, Stage 2) PROFESSOR BOFFIN S UMBRELLA (Longman Structural Readers, Stage 2) OPERATION MASfERMIND